1. Target Marketing – Marketing activity aimed at a particular group of consumers within the overall total population.
2. Tourist – A consumer of tourism products.
3. Tour Guide - Someone whose job it is to show tourists around a place and explain its history, architecture etc.
4. Undifferentiated Marketing – A broad-brush approach to marketing in which the market is not subdivided into segments.
5. Up-Market – Products aimed at the more expensive, higher status end of the market.
6.
Visitor Attractions – A single site, unit or entity which motivates
people to travel to it to see, experience and participate in what it has
to offer. They may be human-made or natural and can be physical
entities or special events.
7. Value - The relationship between
the benefits associated with a product or service and the costs of
obtaining the product or service.
8. Word of Mouth – The
process whereby consumers who have experienced a product or service pass
on their views, both positive and negative, about the product or
service to other people.
9. Wayfinding Signage - Signs to aid
the public in orienting themselves geographically within a specific
location and which identify functional units within the location.
10.
Wholesale - Sale of travel products through an intermediary in exchange
for a commission or fee generally at reduced tariffs.
Senin, 19 November 2012
GLOSARIUM
1. Psychocentrics – A term coined in 1977 by Plog referring to inwardlooking, low risk-taking, less adventurous tourists.
2. Psychographic – The analysis of people’s lifestyles, perceptions and attitudes as a way of segmenting tourism markets.
3. Purchase Decision – The process by which an individual decides whether or not to buy a particular type of product and then which specific brand to purchase.
4. Qualitative Research – Research which is concerned with customers’ attitudes and opinions which cannot be qualified.
5. Quantitative Research – Research which is concerned with the statistical data which can be measured and expressed numerically.
6. Reconnaissance - An on-site evaluation of an attraction or destination from the perspective of the customer. Best performed by an outsider who is not familiar with the location and who is trained in fair and scientific methods of evaluation.
7. Repositioning – The process by which organizations attempt to change the consumer’s perceptions of a product or service.
8. Resort - A place that many people go to for a holiday.
9. Seasonality – The distribution over time of total demand for a productor destination, usually expressed in terms of peak and off-peak seasons to distinguish between those times when demand is higher than average and vice versa.
10. Segmentation – The technique of dividing total markets into subgroups whose members share similar characteristics as consumers.
2. Psychographic – The analysis of people’s lifestyles, perceptions and attitudes as a way of segmenting tourism markets.
3. Purchase Decision – The process by which an individual decides whether or not to buy a particular type of product and then which specific brand to purchase.
4. Qualitative Research – Research which is concerned with customers’ attitudes and opinions which cannot be qualified.
5. Quantitative Research – Research which is concerned with the statistical data which can be measured and expressed numerically.
6. Reconnaissance - An on-site evaluation of an attraction or destination from the perspective of the customer. Best performed by an outsider who is not familiar with the location and who is trained in fair and scientific methods of evaluation.
7. Repositioning – The process by which organizations attempt to change the consumer’s perceptions of a product or service.
8. Resort - A place that many people go to for a holiday.
9. Seasonality – The distribution over time of total demand for a productor destination, usually expressed in terms of peak and off-peak seasons to distinguish between those times when demand is higher than average and vice versa.
10. Segmentation – The technique of dividing total markets into subgroups whose members share similar characteristics as consumers.
GLOSARIUM
1. Perceptions – The subjective interpretation by individuals of the
data available to them, which results in them having particular opinions
of, and attitudes towards, products, places or organizations.
2. Perishability – A characteristic of tourism products whereby they have very limited lives, after which they no longer exist and have no value. For example, an airline seat is no longer an existing saleable product once the aircraft has departed.
3. Phrase Book - A small book that contains useful words and phrases in a particular foreign language, used especially by tourists.
4. Point of Sale – Refers to techniques which are used at the point when tourists actually buy products or services to encourage higher sales. This could involve window displays in travel agencies .
5. Postmodernism – A sociological theory that has major implications, if it is a valid theory, for the study of consumer behaviour in tourism. It is based on the idea that in industrialized, developed nations, the basis on which people act as consumers has been transformed in recent years. The theory suggests the traditional boundaries, such as those between high-brow and low-brow culture and up-market and down market leisure activities are becoming blurred and are breaking down.
6. Post-Tourist – A tourist who recognizes that there is no such thing as an authentic tourism product or experience. To the post-tourist, tourism is a game and they feel free to move between different type sof apparently totally contrasting holidays, from an eco-tourism trip to Belize one year to a sun, sand, sea and sex trip to Benidorm the next year.
7. Product Extension- An add-on product or service, which enhances the experience of your product and generates additional revenue. Example - A state park that offers guided wildflower tours (for a fee).
8. Product Life Cycle - The cyclical pattern of demand for most products from “new and exciting” to “old and dated.” Almost all products (tourism and otherwise) have these cycles.
9. Product-Service Mix – The combination of tangible elements and service that is aimed at satisfying the needs of the target market.
10. Promotion – The techniques by which organizations communicate with their customers and seek to persuade them to purchase particular products and services.
2. Perishability – A characteristic of tourism products whereby they have very limited lives, after which they no longer exist and have no value. For example, an airline seat is no longer an existing saleable product once the aircraft has departed.
3. Phrase Book - A small book that contains useful words and phrases in a particular foreign language, used especially by tourists.
4. Point of Sale – Refers to techniques which are used at the point when tourists actually buy products or services to encourage higher sales. This could involve window displays in travel agencies .
5. Postmodernism – A sociological theory that has major implications, if it is a valid theory, for the study of consumer behaviour in tourism. It is based on the idea that in industrialized, developed nations, the basis on which people act as consumers has been transformed in recent years. The theory suggests the traditional boundaries, such as those between high-brow and low-brow culture and up-market and down market leisure activities are becoming blurred and are breaking down.
6. Post-Tourist – A tourist who recognizes that there is no such thing as an authentic tourism product or experience. To the post-tourist, tourism is a game and they feel free to move between different type sof apparently totally contrasting holidays, from an eco-tourism trip to Belize one year to a sun, sand, sea and sex trip to Benidorm the next year.
7. Product Extension- An add-on product or service, which enhances the experience of your product and generates additional revenue. Example - A state park that offers guided wildflower tours (for a fee).
8. Product Life Cycle - The cyclical pattern of demand for most products from “new and exciting” to “old and dated.” Almost all products (tourism and otherwise) have these cycles.
9. Product-Service Mix – The combination of tangible elements and service that is aimed at satisfying the needs of the target market.
10. Promotion – The techniques by which organizations communicate with their customers and seek to persuade them to purchase particular products and services.
GLOSARIUM
1. Motivation – Those factors which make tourists want to purchase a particular product or service.
2. Nature Tourism- Travel to unspoiled places to experience and enjoy nature.
3. Niche Marketing – The targeting of a product and service at a particular market segment which is numerically much smaller than the total market.
4. Off-peak – A period when demand for a product or service is habitually lower than at other times which are termed peak periods.
5. Off-site programming - Educational or interpretive activities conducted by agency personnel outside the agency’s unit jurisdictional boundary.
6. On-site Programming - Educational or interpretive activities conducted by agency personnel within agency’s unit jurisdictional boundary.
7. Outbound Tourism – Tourist trips from one’s own country to a foreign country.
8. Package Tour - A saleable travel product offering an inclusive price with several travel elements that would otherwise be purchased separately. Usually has a predetermined price, length of time and features but can also offer options for separate purchase.
9. Packager - Anyone organizing a tour including prepaid transportation and travel services, usually to more than one destination.
10. Partnership - Two persons who dance together. A relationship between one or more parties involving close cooperation in exercise of specific rights and responsibilities.
2. Nature Tourism- Travel to unspoiled places to experience and enjoy nature.
3. Niche Marketing – The targeting of a product and service at a particular market segment which is numerically much smaller than the total market.
4. Off-peak – A period when demand for a product or service is habitually lower than at other times which are termed peak periods.
5. Off-site programming - Educational or interpretive activities conducted by agency personnel outside the agency’s unit jurisdictional boundary.
6. On-site Programming - Educational or interpretive activities conducted by agency personnel within agency’s unit jurisdictional boundary.
7. Outbound Tourism – Tourist trips from one’s own country to a foreign country.
8. Package Tour - A saleable travel product offering an inclusive price with several travel elements that would otherwise be purchased separately. Usually has a predetermined price, length of time and features but can also offer options for separate purchase.
9. Packager - Anyone organizing a tour including prepaid transportation and travel services, usually to more than one destination.
10. Partnership - Two persons who dance together. A relationship between one or more parties involving close cooperation in exercise of specific rights and responsibilities.
GLOSARIUM
1. Mainstream Tourism - Terms commonly but loosely used to refer to
popular forms of leisure tourism pioneered in southern Europe, the
Caribbean, and North America in the 1960s and 1970s.
2. Market – Those consumers who currently are, or potentially may become, purchasers and/or users of a particular individual or group of products services.
3. Market Leader – The product which has the largest share of a single market, in other words, it is purchased by more people than any of its competitor products.
4. Market Share – The proportion of sales of a particular type of product achieved by an individual product.
5. Marketing Mix – The four controllable marketing variables – product, price, place and promotion – which marketers manipulate in order to achieve their marketing objectives.
6. Marketing Positioning – The position in the market which a product is perceived to have, in the minds of consumers, in relation to variables such as quality, value for money, and level of service.
7. Marketing Research – The process of collecting, recording and analysing market-related information. It includes published or secondary data of specific data or primary research. It is designed specifically to provide data which helps an organization improve the effectiveness of its marketing activities.
8. Mecca - A place that a lot of people visit, because it is famous for something that they want to see or do.
9. Media – This can refer to either the news media or the advertising media, in other words, the media in which advertisements may be placed.
10. Model – A representation that seeks to illustrate and/or explain a phenomenon.
2. Market – Those consumers who currently are, or potentially may become, purchasers and/or users of a particular individual or group of products services.
3. Market Leader – The product which has the largest share of a single market, in other words, it is purchased by more people than any of its competitor products.
4. Market Share – The proportion of sales of a particular type of product achieved by an individual product.
5. Marketing Mix – The four controllable marketing variables – product, price, place and promotion – which marketers manipulate in order to achieve their marketing objectives.
6. Marketing Positioning – The position in the market which a product is perceived to have, in the minds of consumers, in relation to variables such as quality, value for money, and level of service.
7. Marketing Research – The process of collecting, recording and analysing market-related information. It includes published or secondary data of specific data or primary research. It is designed specifically to provide data which helps an organization improve the effectiveness of its marketing activities.
8. Mecca - A place that a lot of people visit, because it is famous for something that they want to see or do.
9. Media – This can refer to either the news media or the advertising media, in other words, the media in which advertisements may be placed.
10. Model – A representation that seeks to illustrate and/or explain a phenomenon.
GLOSARIUM
1. Intermediate Carrier: A carrier that transports a passenger or piece
of baggage as part of an inter-line movement, but on which neither the
point of origin or destination is located.
2. Land Operator: A company that provides local services, see also ground/receptive operator.
3. Lead Time: Advance time between initiating a tour and its departure date
4. Leadership: Influencing and directing the performance of group members towards the achievement of organisational goals.
5. Length of Stay: The duration of tourist who stay at hotel or inn .
6. Letter of Agreement: A letter from the buyer to the supplier accepting the terms of the proposal. This may also be the supplier s initial proposal that has been initialed by the buyer .
7. Load Factor: Average number of seats occupied, e.g. motorcoach or air .
8. Local: Belonging to a particular place or region .
9.Low Season: That time of the year at any given destination when tourist traffic, and often rates, are at their lowest. Also referred to as off-peak or off-season.
10. Leisure Travel: Travel undertaken for pleasure and unrelated to paid work time.
2. Land Operator: A company that provides local services, see also ground/receptive operator.
3. Lead Time: Advance time between initiating a tour and its departure date
4. Leadership: Influencing and directing the performance of group members towards the achievement of organisational goals.
5. Length of Stay: The duration of tourist who stay at hotel or inn .
6. Letter of Agreement: A letter from the buyer to the supplier accepting the terms of the proposal. This may also be the supplier s initial proposal that has been initialed by the buyer .
7. Load Factor: Average number of seats occupied, e.g. motorcoach or air .
8. Local: Belonging to a particular place or region .
9.Low Season: That time of the year at any given destination when tourist traffic, and often rates, are at their lowest. Also referred to as off-peak or off-season.
10. Leisure Travel: Travel undertaken for pleasure and unrelated to paid work time.
GLOSARIUM
1. Gateway: City, airport, or area from which a flight or tour departs.
2. Ground Operator: A company that provides local travel services, including transportation or guide services.
3. Group Tour: A travel package for an assembly of travelers that has a common itinerary, travel date, and transportation
4. Hospitality: A general term used in travel & tourism describing the “hospitality industry
5. Hotel Package: A package offered by a hotel, sometimes consisting of no more than a room and breakfast; sometimes, especially at resort hotels, consisting of (ground) transportation, room, meals, sports facilities and other components.
6. Incentive Tour: A trip offered as a prize, usually by a company to stimulate employee sales or productivity.
7. Inquiry: A request for more information about an attraction or destination.
8. Infrastructure: Construction needed to support economic development.
9. Innovative Best Practice: A practice that is considered to be of the highest quality, excellence, or standing – a leader in the field.
10. Intangibility: The characteristic of not being touchable: a good is tangible whereas a service is intangible
2. Ground Operator: A company that provides local travel services, including transportation or guide services.
3. Group Tour: A travel package for an assembly of travelers that has a common itinerary, travel date, and transportation
4. Hospitality: A general term used in travel & tourism describing the “hospitality industry
5. Hotel Package: A package offered by a hotel, sometimes consisting of no more than a room and breakfast; sometimes, especially at resort hotels, consisting of (ground) transportation, room, meals, sports facilities and other components.
6. Incentive Tour: A trip offered as a prize, usually by a company to stimulate employee sales or productivity.
7. Inquiry: A request for more information about an attraction or destination.
8. Infrastructure: Construction needed to support economic development.
9. Innovative Best Practice: A practice that is considered to be of the highest quality, excellence, or standing – a leader in the field.
10. Intangibility: The characteristic of not being touchable: a good is tangible whereas a service is intangible
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